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1
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2
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- Heart pumps and circulates blood to all parts of the body
- Blood vessels circulate blood between heart and cells
- Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carries away wastes
- Lymph system returns excess fluids from tissues and makes lymphocytes
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3
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- Heart
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
- Blood
- Lymphatic system
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4
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- Blood leaves the heart through arteries and returns to the heart from
veins
- The general (systemic) circulation carries blood throughout the body
- Cardiopulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to lungs and
back
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5
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- The heart is the main organ responsible for circulating the blood
throughout the body efficiently
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6
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7
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- The heart is a hollow, muscular, double pump
- Pericardium - double layer of fibrous tissues surrounding heart
- Myocardium - cardiac muscle tissue
- Endocardium - Smooth inner lining
- Septum - Muscular wall separating heart into two halves
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8
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- Structures leading to and from the heart:
- Vena cava
- Coronary sinus
- Pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary veins
- Aorta
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9
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- Four chambers of the heart
- Right atrium
- Left atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left ventricle
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10
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- Four valves permit blood flow in only one direction
- Tricuspid valve
- Bicuspid (mitral) valve
- Pulmonary semilunar valve
- Aortic semilunar valve
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11
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- Two major functions occur with each heart beat
- Right heart: Blood is taken to the lungs for oxygen
- Left heart: Blood is taken from lungs to be circulated throughout body
- The heart receives its blood supply from the coronary artery
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12
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- Stroke volume:
- Number of heart beats per minute
- The heart at rest beats between 72 and 80 times per minute
- Cardiac output:
- The amount of blood ejected from heart per minute
- Between 60 and 80 ml of blood on average
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13
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- Lubb dupp sounds - Sounds made by the valves during the cardiac cycle
- Lubb - sound made when the tricuspid and bicuspid valves close between
the atria and ventricles
- Dupp - Caused by semilunar valves in the aorta and the pulmonary artery
closing
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14
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- Pacemaker (sinoatrial node)
- Conducting cells found at the opening of the superior vena cava that
control heart muscle contractions
- Sends out electrical impulses that begin and regulate the heart
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- Records electrical activity of heart
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15
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- Cardiac catheterization is the insertion of a catheter into the femoral
artery or vein
- Dye is inserted and pictures are taken as fluid moves through the heart
- Stress tests determine how physiological stress and exercise affect the
heart
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16
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- Common symptoms of heart disease
- Arrhythmia
- Bradycardia
- Tachycardia
- Murmurs
- Mitral valve prolapse
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17
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- Coronary Artery disease (CAD)
- Narrowing of the arteries that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart
- Angina pectoris - severe chest pain from inadequate oxygen to heart
- Myocardial infarction (heart attack) - caused by lack of blood supply
to heart
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18
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- Infectious diseases of the heart
- Pericarditis
- Myocarditis
- Endocarditis
- Rheumatic heart disease
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19
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- Prevention of heart disease
- Not smoking
- Regular exercise
- Maintaining ideal weight
- Estrogen replacement therapy
- Reduction of triglyceride and cholesterol levels
- Maintaining normal blood pressure
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20
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- Congestive heart failure is similar to heart failure but includes edema
in lower extremities
- Rhythm/Conduction defects
- Heart block
- Premature contractions
- Fibrillation
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21
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- Angioplasty (balloon surgery)
- Coronary bypass
- Cardiac stints
- Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR)
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22
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- Heart transplant is needed when individual’s heart can no longer
function properly
- Organ rejection may occur even when tissue type is matched
- Immunosuppressants are drugs used to suppress recipient’s immune system
from rejecting donor organ
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Notes
