1	ANATOMY LECTURE SERIES CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
2	INTRODUCTION TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Functions of the central nervous system: Communication and coordination system in the body Receives messages from stimuli Brain interprets message Brain responds and carries out activity Reasoning and intelligence
3	INTRODUCTION TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Nervous tissue consists of two types of nerve cells: Neuroglia - cells that insulate, support and protect neurons Neurons - pass nerve impulses Sensory neurons (afferent) Motor neurons (efferent) Associative neurons (interneurons)
4	INTRODUCTION TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
5	INTRODUCTION TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Membrane excitability is the electric charge created by impulses in the nerve Synapse - messages go from one cell to the next Synaptic cleft - space between axon or one cell and dendrite of another
6	DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM There are 3 divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system - brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system - nerves of the body Autonomic nervous system - peripheral nerves and ganglia
7	THE BRAIN Memory Short term Long term Coverings of the brain Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater
8	THE BRAIN The brain contains four lined cavities called cerebral ventricles Right lateral ventricle Left lateral ventricle Third ventricle Fourth ventricle Cerebral fluid serves as liquid shock absorber
9	THE BRAIN
10	CEREBRUM The cerebrum is divided into 2 hemispheres; each hemisphere is divided into: frontal lobe parietal lobe occipital lobe temporal lobe
11	CEREBRUM The cerebral surface is covered with furrows and ridges Sulci - Shallow grooves Fissures - deeper grooves Longitudinal fissure Transverse fissure Central fissure Lateral fissure Parieto-occipital fissure
12	CEREBRUM Each lobe of the cerebral hemispheres control different functions Frontal lobe - motor functions Parietal lobe - sensory Occipital lobe - eyesight Temporal lobe - auditory and olfactory senses
13	CEREBRUM
14	DIENCEPHALON Thalamus Located between the cerebrum and midbrain Acts as a relay station for incoming and outgoing nerve impulses
15	DIENCEPHALON Hypothalamus Autonomic nervous control Cardiovascular control Temperature control Appetite control Water balance Manufacture of oxytocin Gastrointestinal control Emotional state Sleep control
16	CEREBELLUM Consists of two hemispheres Right cerebellar hemisphere Left cerebellar hemisphere Controls all skeletal muscle body functions: Maintenance of balance Maintenance of muscle tone Coordination of muscle movement
17	BRAIN STEM Brain stem is made of 3 parts: Midbrain Pons Medulla
18	SPINAL CORD The spinal cord functions as both a reflex center and a conduction pathway to and from the brain
19	DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Meningitis Encephalitis Epilepsy Cerebral palsy Poliomyelitis Parkinson’s disease Hydrocephalus Multiple sclerosis Dementia Alzheimer’s disease Brain tumors Hematoma